GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF VARIATION IN SURVIVAL ON NONNATIVE HOST SPECIES IN THE GENERALIST SEED BEETLE, STATOR LIMBATUS

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Fox ◽  
David M. Gordon ◽  
Pasano Bojang
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Stator Limbatus

scholarly journals Establishment and new hosts of the non-native seed beetle Stator limbatus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) on acacias in Europe

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Arturo Cocco ◽  
Giuseppe Brundu ◽  
Cyril Berquier ◽  
Marie Cécile Andreï-Ruiz ◽  
Michelina Pusceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Acacia Saligna ◽  
New Host ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Native Seed ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Stator Limbatus ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
First Time

Stator limbatus is a phytophagous beetle native to warm regions of North and Central America, feeding on Fabaceae seeds and one of the most polyphagous species within the subfamily Bruchinae, here reported for the first time in Europe and on new hosts. Adult beetles emerged from Acacia spp. seeds collected in the islands of Corsica (France), and Sardinia (Italy). The wide presence in Sardinia and Corsica supports the hypothesis that this alien species was introduced several years ago. In both islands, S. limbatus emerged from Acacia mearnsii seeds, with infestation rates of up to 74.2 and 90.8% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This seed beetle also emerged from two previously unreported host species, Acacia saligna and A. pycnantha, showing highest infestation rates of 4.0 and 95.1%, respectively. Both Acacia species are reported as new host associations with S. limbatus. Overall, seed infestation rates recorded in 2019 and 2020 indicate that S. limbatus is well established and that Mediterranean bioclimatic conditions are suitable for its population increase in size. This study lays the foundations for further research on known and potential host species and the spread and distribution of S. limbatus in Europe.

Aggregations of nematode parasites within Drosophila: proximate causes

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jaenike
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
Random Distributions ◽  
A Site

SummaryMacroparasites almost invariably exhibit overdispersed distributions of parasites/host, yet the specific causes of such aggregations remain poorly understood. The present study focused on the distribution of the parasitic nematode Howardula aoronymphium among its hosts, several species of mycophagous Drosophila. The distribution of parasites/host is close to random for cohorts of flies of a given host species emerging from single mushrooms. At the level of Howardula populations, overdispersion of parasites among hosts results primarily from variation among subgroups of hosts in their exposure to infective-stage nematodes. The sources of variation identified in this study include Drosophila host species, the site where flies bred, mushroom species within sites, and, most importantly, individual mushrooms within mushroom species at a site. For the mean intensity of parasitism observed in this study, the degree of aggregation is typical of macroparasites in general. Combinations of random distributions with different means, resulting from variation among groups in exposure to parasites, may be a common cause of the overdispersion of macroparasites among hosts.

Inbreeding depression in two seed-feeding beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus and Stator limbatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Fox ◽  
K.L. Scheibly ◽  
B.P. Smith ◽  
W.G. Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Seed Beetle ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Stator Limbatus

AbstractInbreeding depression is well documented in insects but the degree to which inbreeding depression varies among populations within species, and among traits within populations, is poorly studied in insects other than Drosophila. Inbreeding depression was examined in two long-term laboratory colonies of the seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius), which are used frequently as models for experiments in ecology, evolution and behaviour. Inbreeding depression in these laboratory colonies are compared with one recently field-collected population of a different seed beetle, Stator limbatus Horn. Inbreeding reduced embryogenesis, egg hatch and larval survival in both species, such that eggs produced by sib matings were >17% less likely to produce an adult offspring. Inbred larvae also took 4–6% longer to develop to emergence in both species. Inbreeding depression varied among the measured traits but did not differ between the two populations of C. maculatus for any trait, despite the large geographic distance between source populations (western Africa vs. southern India). Inbreeding depression was similar in magnitude between C. maculatus and S. limbatus. This study demonstrates that these laboratory populations of C. maculatus harbour substantial genetic loads, similar to the genetic load of populations of S. limbatus recently collected from the field.

Differences between fermentative abilities of rumen fluid from buffalo and dairy cows to measure cumulative gas production

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Calabrò ◽  
B. A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Inter- and even intra-species variability exists in the ability of rumen inocula to digest forages using in vitro techniques. Differences in fermentation patterns between animal species may be due to the presence of different species within the microbial populations and/or to the fermentative capacity of the microflora (Sunvold et al., 1995). Several authors have reported that the host species affects the rumen microflora which therefore influences the in vitro activity of rumen fluid, even if two host species are given the same diet. Grant et al. (1974) concluded that after a sufficiently long adaptation period to the diet, there was no longer any significant difference between the rumen fluid from buffalo and cows. However, the results obtained by other authors (di Leila et al. 1995; Puppo et al., 1995) are in disagreement with these findings. The in vitro cumulative gas production technique (Theodorou et al., 1994), is increasingly being used as a method of food evaluation, by comparing the fermentability of different foods. One of the greatest sources of variation for this kind of method is due to differences in inocula. An experiment was carried out to determine whether rumen fluid from buffalo and cows given a similar diet, led to similar results for the evaluation of the same foods.

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